Part I: The ABCs of 12-Lead EKG Interpretation
The 12-Lead EKG
- Cardiac electrical conduction system
- Electrical vectors
- Normal polarity & P-QRS-T configuration of each lead
Ace the Axis
- Left & right axis deviation
- Causes & criteria
- Methods of determining axis deviation
- Clinical applications
Beat the Bundles
- Right & left bundle branch blocks
- Causes & complications
- Left anterior & left posterior hemiblocks
Correlate the Coronary Anatomy
- The coronary arteries
- Left ventricular walls
- Relationship to the 12-lead
Differential Diagnosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Ischemia, injury & infarction patterns
- Reciprocal changes
- STEMI vs. NSTEMI
- Coronary spasm
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Putting it all Together
- The 30-second diagnosis
- Coronary angiographic correlation
- Presentations, analysis & clinical applications
Advanced Interpretation
- Atrial & ventricular hypertrophy
- WPW – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
- Prolonged QT intervals
Part II: Chest X-Ray Interpretation as Easy as Black & White
The Chest X-Ray
- Technique
- Black & white principles
- Projections
Systematic Approach
- Bone structures & Intercostal spaces
- Soft tissues & vasculature
- Pleural surfaces
- Heart & great vessels
- Invasive lines
As Easy as Black
- Identifying pneumothorax & subcutaneous emphysema
- Treatment priorities
As Easy as White
- Identifying:
- Pleural Effusion
- Pulmonary Edema
- Pneumonia
- ARDS
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Clinical applications & interventions
Beyond the Basics
- Identification & Initial Treatment of:
- Aortic aneurysm
- Post-op changes with pneumonectomy
- Esophagogastrectomy
- Dextrocardia