Introduction of topic and Kristin Kirkpatrick
- The Powerful Connection Between Diet and Mental Health
- Michael Pollan’s definition of food
- Food is something that comes from nature, is fed from nature, and will eventually rot.
Nutrition in the News
Discussion of three current studies
- Small changes in diet could help you live healthier, more sustainable
- Good sleep-time recovery is associated with a healthier diet and lower alcohol consumption
- Diet may affect risk and severity of COVID-19
Habitual Changes due to COVID-19
- Average undesired weight gain for U.S. adults ~30 pounds
Change in daily routine
- Higher overall consumption
- Increased snacking
- Increased alcohol consumption
- Lack of sleep
- Lower activity levels
- Obesity epidemic growing
COVID-19 Data and Metrics
- Vulnerable Populations (hospitalizations and deaths)
- Children
- ≧ 65 years
- Underlying medical conditions
- Race/ethnicity
- Demographics/ Occupation
Practical Ways to Support Immunity
- Regular exercise
- Get adequate sleep
- Quit smoking
- Reduce/cease alcohol consumption
- Keep up personal and home hygiene (hand washing, sanitizer, cleaning frequently touched surfaces, etc.)
- Increase fruit and vegetable intake
- Manage mental health and stress
Discussion of IFCI “Pandemic-related changes to eating and food prep are decreasing”
Diet and Mental Health
- Studies have found that poor mental health is linked with poor diet quality— regardless of personal characteristics such as gender age, education, age, marital status, and income level
Discussion of study “The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- 16 randomized controlled trials
- >45,000 participants
- Dietary interventions dramatically reduced depressive symptoms
- Studies with females showed greater benefits in depression and anxiety
Discussion of IFCI “Fewer Americans Dieted in 2020 in order to lose weight, although it still ranks #1”
Diet and Depression are Linked
- Discussion of study “Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression”
- 2020 review of 20 scientific studies
- High adherence to dietary recommendations shows a protective effect against depressive systems and depression
Mental Health Disorders and Chronic Disease
- CVD
- Asthma
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Obesity
Discussion of IFCI “Americans’ definition of “healthy food” took a more positive tone in 2021
Better Overall Brain Health
The MIND Diet
- “MIND”
- An acronym for Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay
- A Combination of the Mediterranean and DASH diet
- Highlights the foods and nutrients shown through science to be associated with dementia prevention.
- Largely plant-based diet and low in high-fat foods
The MIND
- Rigorous adherence to the MIND diet can lower your risk of Alzheimer's disease by 53% and moderate adherence can lower your risk by 35%
- The MIND diet has 15 dietary components
- 10 Brain Healthy Food Groups
- 5 Unhealthy Food Groups
The MIND: 10 Healthy Foods
- Green Leafy Vegetables
- One salad daily or another green leafy vegetable
- Other Vegetables
One serving daily at least
- Nuts
- One serving daily
- Berries
- Two or more servings a week, blueberries and strawberries preferred
- Beans
- 3-4 servings per week
- Whole Grains
- Three servings daily
- Fish
- One or more servings per week
- Poultry
- At least two servings per week
- Olive oil
- Primary oil
- Wine
- One glass per day
The MIND: 5 Foods to Avoid
- Red meat
- Eat rarely
- Butter
- Eat no more than a tablespoon a day; never eat margarine
- Cheese
- One serving or less per week
- Pastries and sweets
- Avoid all
- Fried and Fast Foods
- Less than one serving per week
Nutrients found in the blood tied to brain health
- 32 key nutrients in the Mediterranean diet
- 116 healthy adults 65-75 years of age
- Omega-3 fatty acids (abundant fish, walnuts)
- Omega-6 fatty acid, found in flaxseed, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, and pistachios
- Omega-3 fatty acids (abundant fish, walnuts)
- Lycopene, a vivid red pigment in tomatoes, watermelon and a few other fruits and vegetables
- Alpha- and beta-carotenoids, which give sweet potatoes and carrots their characteristic orange color
- Vitamins B and D
Nutrients Associated with Better Mental Health
- Omega-3 Status
- Gut microbiota
- Sugar/junk food
- Vitamin D
- Folate
Omega-3 fatty acids
- Review of study “A Mediterranean-style dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: a randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED)”
Vitamin D
- Fatty Fish
- Eggs
- Cod Liver Oil
- Dairy Products
- Mushrooms
- Review of studies
- Effect of adjunctive single dose parenteral Vitamin D supplementation in major depressive disorder with concurrent vitamin D deficiency: A double-blind randomized placebo- controlled trial
- Vitamin D, Depressive Symptoms, and Covid-19 Pandemic
Gut Microbiota
- Review of research
- The gut-brain axis mediates sugar preference
1. Eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the gut, influencing both microbial populations and metabolic activities
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Dietary Interventions for Depression and Anxiety (Improve your gut)
- Probiotic Supplementations Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
- A strong diet for a strong gut includes
- Fermented foods
- Prebiotics
- Probiotics supplementation
- Yogurt
Sugar and Junk Food
Fast/Junk Food Alters Immune System
- The immune system acts similarly to a high fat and high calorie diet as to a bacterial infection
- Unhealthy food seems to make the body’s defenses more aggressive in the long term
Western Diet and Behavioral Changes
- Discussion of research “Western Diet” Implications for Brain Function and Behavior
Explaining of the “Vicious Cycle” of Hyperpalatable foods
Folate
Implementing Behavior Change
- Assess Patient
- Identify Top Concern
- Outline Small Steps
- Outline Steps to Maintenance
Explanations of graphic depicting determinants of health
Assess patient
- History with food/nutrition
- Life circumstances
- What resources are available in their life?
Identify Top Concern
- Low hanging fruit
- First priorities
Outline Small Steps
- Creating a sustainable and easy list of behavior change for the patient
Outline Steps to Maintenance
- Identify